PVDF membrane bioreactors have been established as a viable technology for the treatment of wastewater. This type of reactors utilize an integration of biological and membrane processes to accomplish high levels of removal of pollutants. Many factors determine the performance of PVDF membrane bioreactors, including membrane properties, hydrodynamic

Precision agriculture is increasingly relying on innovative techniques to enhance crop yields while minimizing water consumption. One such promising approach involves the utilization of nano-bubbles, tiny air pockets encapsulated within a liquid medium. These minute bubbles possess unique physicochemical properties that can revolutionize irrigation